1.什么是海运拼箱亏舱费(定义)?
海运拼箱亏舱费是指在海运拼箱出口过程中，在报关日前一工作日的中午11:00以后,因订舱人原因造成货物无法及时出运，
导致拼箱公司舱位空置,拼箱公司由此向订舱人收取的弥补该损失的费用。
2.为什么我们要收亏舱费?
众所周知，拼箱公司提供给市场的拼箱运价是基于一定的集装箱满载度的，随着市场竞争的日趋激烈，很多拼箱
航线往往要做到40尺高箱装满才能不亏损。这也是为什么几年前很少有拼箱公司收取亏舱费的原因,因为那时
小箱拼20方,大箱拼50方就可以保本.另外现在信誉好的拼箱公司不会出假提单来欺骗客人,告诉客人这个航次已 出运,实际是在下航次出运,这样加重了发货人的贸易风险和丢失客户的风险.因为从理论上来讲,出假提单基本可 以避免舱位空置.例如:拼箱公司可以把40'高箱预配75CBM,如果货全部到齐,装不下的出假提单,如果其中10CBM
货物不能出运,那么40'高箱实配65CBM出运,从而很少有因订舱人原因造成货物无法及时出运的风险.某种角度讲, 这75CBM其中任何一个订舱人的舱位一开始就不是有保证的.
我们公司在报关日前一工作日的中午以前根据客人订舱的所有货物数据（毛重/体积等），选择最合适装载也最节约成本的箱型搭配方式，把所有客户订舱出运的货物配箱装船。在这个时间前如果被通知有货物因各种原因无 法及时出运，我司可以通过箱型调配及同行换货来控制成本和保障利润。但如果过了这个时间有一部分货物无法出运，就会导致舱位空置,而这空置的舱位是有成本的.
我们收取亏舱费的目的是保证每个订舱人的舱位是真实的.我们要求如果因某个订舱人的原因造成的额外损失由他 来承担,而不是转嫁到其他无辜的订舱人头上,或者让其他无辜的订舱人承担他本来不该承担的风险.
我们希望我们的客户会越来越理解我们这么做的目的不是只为自己考虑,因为如果这样肯定得不到市场的认可.
至少到目前我们认为大部分发货人.代理.拼箱公司都已认同我们的理念.但是在实际操作过程中还是存在很多问题,
很大的原因是各方对亏舱费的了解不够,合作过程中彼此的沟通不够,所以我们做了这个专题.
3.亏舱费计算标准是什么?
亏舱费计算以空置舱位的成本为标准：
具体计算公式: 亏舱费=订舱计费立方x(整箱海运费+整箱起运港费用)/标准立方数
注: 整箱起运港费用:USD140/20' USD230/40' USD240/40'HQ
标准立方数:27/20' 55/40' 65/40'HQ
集装箱箱型以上海港主要拼箱公司该航线常见拼箱箱型为准.
4.产生亏舱费的常见原因和预防措施?
(1)货主货来不及进仓或临时取消出货订舱人却没有及时取消订舱.
防范:请各货代有规律地在截关日前与货主保持沟通,及时反馈信息.并告知货主他有责任通知,否则会产生亏舱费.
(2)较大比例的超方/缩方/超重.
防范:请各货代要求货主订舱托单与实际货物尽可能一致,如有任何变动及时通知.
(3)货物进仓后发现货物本身特性或规格问题导致无法承运,如"液体/危险品/超大超重件".
防范:请各货代告知货主我司不承接液体/危险品/半危品,超大超重件必须事先确认.
(4)海关查验导致无法及时出运.
防范:请各货代要求货主报关做到单单一致,单证一致,单货一致,海关若有疑问请配合我司报关员及时清晰地向海关答复,海关有什么要求尽可能配合,以保证货物及时出运.
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